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To browse Academia. Tahire Erman. Based on face-to-face, in-depth interviews with agricultural workers and oral history with the elderly residents of a village in Ankara, this paper aims to explore how labor migration from rural areas in Turkey to European countries especially to Germany has transformed rural life in Turkey, including the demographic structure, family dynamics, gender roles and the structure of rural work. Labor migration from Turkey to Europe started in the early s with bilateral labor recruitment treaties.
During the recruitment period between and , there was a mass migration specifically to Germany. After the ban on the recruitment of foreign labour in , migrants from Turkey and those who wanted to migrate sought ways to migrate and stay in Germany via asylum seeking, tourist visa applications, naturalization, family reunification and marriage.
The initially planned return migration never took place. Therefore, in order to gain a better understanding of the social transformation in Turkish villages following mass labour migration to Europe, observations were carried out in a village in Ankara capital of Turkey. Although mountainous regions remained relatively isolated and almost untouched by the Ottoman rule, labor migration connected the inhabitants of these regions to the socioeconomic and political processes in the Ottoman Empire and beyond.
This paper presents systematic evidence from the Ottoman archives to document and analyze the social, economic, and demographic impacts of labor migration during this period. Based on this analysis, it argues that labor migration was key to the transformation of social, economic, and demographic relations in rural communities and to the integration of even the most remote highland vill Keywords:immigration;ethnic conflict;labor supply;political economy;regional development;warimmigration;ethnic conflict;labor supply;political economy;regional development;war.
The article pays special attention to the mass economic migration from Turkey the Ottoman Empire to North and South America. Turks were represented in very small numbers in this migration given that they constituted the largest group within the Ottoman population.